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Dharma
Talk by Ven. Yifa
August 5, 2003:-
Than Hsiang Temple was
recently graced with the presence of Ven. Yifa, Abbess of the
Fo Guang Shan, Boston, USA, who came to gave a dharma lecture
on the ‘Humanistic Buddhist View on Living and Dying’. The dharma
talk was held at about 8:00pm in the Multipurpose Hall located
on the 5th floor of Than Hsiang, and was conducted in English.
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More
than a hundred people came to attend the talk, which was jointly
organized by BLIA Malaysia (Penang Branch), Than Hsiang Temple,
Kwong Wah Yit Poh, Society of the Disabled Persons Penang and
Penang Xiao-En Education.
Venerable Yifa began
her talk by explaining the three important factors regarding the
concept behind the humanistic point of view on living and dying,
which were: ‘this world, this time and this person’. The venerable
then went on to give a detailed explanation on the difference
between the traditional view and the current Chinese Buddhist
view.
Another important
issue tackled by the venerable was the ageless question; Where
does one go after Death? The cycle of birth and death, a never-ending
process where one dies, only to be reborn again, and face the
process of death again. Ven. Yifa gave an explanation on the six
realms existing in this world, which comprises of heaven, human,
demi-gods, animas, ghost-spirits and hell.
The
venerable also gave a thorough account on the process of dying,
which comprises the gross dissolution and subtle dissolution of
the body. She based her knowledge on a very famous book, titled
‘The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying’, which gives a detailed
explanation on the process of how we die, focusing on the dissolution
of the four great elements relating to our bodily functions; earth;
solidity, water; fluidity, fire; temperature and wind; breath.
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An interesting term
was also introduced; Bardo,which represents the intermediate
existence. This ‘existence’ travels in search of a new body, which
covers the cycle of 49 days.
Ven. Yifa
also presented three important factors which decides our rebirth;
the primary karma, habitual karma and last thought. The factors
of cause and effect also play an important role in defining one’s
karma.
The venerable
concluded her talk by giving a very important advice; that we should
not be afraid of death. She also reminded us that we should be careful
with our daily thoughts and actions, as it will affect the condition
of our present karma.
A Q&A
session was then held where various questions were posted to the
venerable; some which touches on Buddhism in general, life after
death, the topic of enlightenment, remembering past lives and reaching
out to the non-Buddhist through assisted chanting especially during
the seventh month of the Chinese calendar, which falls on the month
of August. The session lasted for more than half and hour, with
Ven. Yifa patiently answering each question with a witty and lengthy
explanation, much to the satisfaction of the audience.
Than Hsiang
Temple would like to thank the various association who had helped
to organize the event as it is indeed a blessing that Ven. Yifa
was able to grace us with her presence, and more importantly, to
give us a lecture on the humanistic view of living and dying.
(This
dharma talk is also available online. Please click here
to view the talk)
(To read the full transcribe of her talk, please click here)
About
Ven. Yifa,
Abbess of the Fo Guang Shan, Boston, USA.
Ph.D. Yale University
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Venerable Yifa
holds a PhD in religious studies from Yale University (1996) and
has been an ordained Buddhist nun since 1979. She grew up in the
small Taiwanese town of Beigang and attended college as a law
student at National Taiwan University in Taipei. At the age of
20, she was introduced to the philosophy and religious ideals
of Buddhism and found inspiration to lead a life of service to
humanity. During her second year at the university, Yifa received
ordination at Fo Guang Shan at Kaohsiung—a seat of Buddhist learning
and service.
In the monastic
life, Venerable Yifa did find isolation from society but rather
opportunities for education and service that far exceeded those
available to most women of her generation in Taiwan. Recognizing
her potential as a leader and an academic, Fo Guang Shan sponsored
Yifa’s graduate studies, first at the University of Hawaii, where
she received an MA in philosophy in 1990, and then at Yale.
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Within Fo Guang
Shan, Yifa has served as an administrator of Buddhist universities
and centers for the education of monastics, most notably, as Provost
of Hsi Lai University in Rosemead, California, the first university
in the United States sponsored by a Chinese organization. Venerable
Yifa taught Buddhism in the Institute of Philosophical Studies
at National Sun Yat-sen University in Taiwan from 1999 to 2001.
Before going back to Taiwan, she was a visiting scholar at University
of California at Berkeley and in the fall of 2001, she became
a visiting scholar at Harvard University.
Venerable Yifa received
awards as one of the Ten Outstanding Young Persons in Taiwan in
1997 and Outstanding Women in Buddhism Award in 2003. In recent
years she has been an active participant in interfaith dialogues,
some of which were supported by UNESCO. She was invited to be
the contributor to “Safe Motherhood Project” by UNICEF’s South
Asia Office.
Venerable Yifa is also
an advocate for women’s equality within Buddhism. Her current
research focuses on women’s roles in Buddhism and the biographies
of Chinese Buddhist women. She is a frequent guest lecturer on
diverse subjects, including Chinese Buddhist philosophy, thanatology
and ethics. Presently, she serves as the abbess of Greater Boston
Buddhist Cultural Center, Fo Guang Shan’s affiliation in Massachusetts
and teaches at Boston University as an adjunct position. Venerable
Yifa’s book on monastic rules and institutions, The Origin
of Buddhist Monastic Codes in China, was published by University
of Hawaii Press in August 2002. Being a nun, she also loves to
write for the general audience and her book Safeguarding the
Heart - a Buddhist Response to Suffering and September 11
was published in August 2002 by Lantern Books, and received favorable
reviews from leading publications, including YBAM’s Eastern
Horizon in its December 2002 issue. She is also the co-author
for the Benedict’s Dharma , published by Riverhead Books,
2001.
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